by Emilie Bled
Updated on April 30, 2024
Is French difficult to learn?
So, you want to learn French but you’re wondering if it’s easy to learn. French can be a challenge, but there’s good news, too. As a Romance language, French has a lot in common with other languages you may be familiar with, such as Spanish and Italian. And if you’re a native English speaker, you’ll be happy to hear that English borrows a great many words from French — meaning you won’t be starting from scratch.
So, does that reassure you? If you’re still worried about the challenge ahead, read on to learn why French may not be so difficult to learn after all.
Is one year enough time to learn French? How about two? The time it takes for an English speaker to learn French varies depending on factors such as dedication, learning methods and prior language-learning experience. Some learners may achieve basic conversational proficiency within a few months of intensive study, while others may take several years to reach a similar level.
Factors such as consistent practice, immersion in the language and culture, access to quality resources and your overall aptitude for language acquisition can all help to speed up your progress. Of course, the most important factors are patience and determination!
You may encounter a few key challenges while learning French, some of which are unique to French and some of which are shared with other languages. Let’s break them down.
Learning French pronunciation as an English speaker can be quite challenging, thanks to the differences in phonetics and intonation between the two languages. English and French have distinct sounds and accent patterns. This makes it difficult for many native English speakers to accurately reproduce French sounds such as the nasal vowels.
Additionally, the French language often features liaisons, in which a linking consonant is pronounced only in specific contexts. For example, you would only pronounce the “s” in the article les if it’s followed by a vowel, as in les enfants. This all may seem intimidating, but with dedicated practice and exposure to native speakers, English learners can gradually improve their French pronunciation skills.
English uses accents sparingly, while French employs a multitude of grammatical accents, such as the acute accent, grave accent and circumflex accent. These accents can alter the pronunciation, meaning and grammatical function of words, so you’ll need to pay close attention and memorize the rules associated with each accent.
Here’s a list of the main accents you’ll encounter most frequently.
| French | English | |
| Accent aigu | Acute accent | é |
| Accent grave | Grave accent | à, è, ù |
| Accent circonflexe | Circumflex accent | â, ê, î, ô, û |
| Tréma | Trema | ë, ï, ü |
| Cédille | Cedilla | ç |
Unlike English, where nouns and adjectives typically remain unchanged regardless of gender or number, French requires agreement in gender and number. This is true between nouns, adjectives and sometimes even verbs.
Irregularities in these agreements further complicate things, requiring learners to memorize specific rules and patterns.
Examples:
Grappling with the numerous grammatical exceptions in French can be a daunting task. While French grammar often follows clear rules, countless exceptions defy these rules. From irregular verb conjugations to irregular plurals and gender assignments, the sheer number of exceptions can feel overwhelming. But again, patience and practice are essential to progress.
Examples:
The irregular verb aller:
Plural irregular:
French is a Romance language, and it shares several qualities with other Romance languages. Learning the particulars of these qualities can aid in your learning process.
All Romance languages share a good deal of vocabulary in common. Many words in French have Latin roots, as do words in other Romance languages such as Spanish, Italian and Portuguese.
There are also similarities in grammatical structures and verb conjugations across Romance languages, which can provide a helpful framework for English learners who speak other Romance languages.
French also shares an impressive number of words with English. Below, you’ll find a table with some examples.
| French | English |
| restaurant | restaurant |
| information | information |
| festival | festival |
| animal | animal |
| téléphone | telephone |
| hôtel | hotel |
| internet | internet |
| sport | sport |
Some of the words in the above table are words that English borrows from French — and they aren’t the only ones! Words like “voyage,” “ballet” and “lingerie” are words of French origin that have made their way into English over time. They should already be part of your English vocabulary, and they can serve as helpful anchor points when encountering similar terms in French.
Knowledge of these French loan words not only aids in vocabulary acquisition; it also provides clues and context to further your understanding of French culture and customs. Here are some examples.
| French | English |
| café | café |
| déja-vu | déja-vu |
| rendez-vous | rendezvous |
| cliché | cliché |
| entrepreneur | entrepreneur |
| chic | chic |
| lingerie | lingerie |
| chef | chef |
So, is French difficult to learn? While French may present challenges for learners, its rich linguistic heritage and cultural significance make it a rewarding language to master. With dedication, effective learning strategies and an appreciation for its nuances, you should manage to overcome any difficulties and have fun speaking this language in no time.
