Updated on February 14, 2024
What are Romance languages: Latin or love?
Here at Lingoda, we love languages. But we know that Romance languages are not necessarily romantic. Don’t get us wrong, we still want to hear sweet-nothings whispered in our ear. It’s just that Romance languages are closer to Latin than to love. Here is everything you need to know about Romance languages:
Romance languages are modern languages that evolved from Latin. Maybe French sounds swoon-worthy, but, Romance languages have nothing to do with being romantic. From Latin, the term “Romance” means to speak “in Roman.” To avoid confusion with romantic love, Romance languages are also called Neo-Latin (literally “new Latin”) languages.
The most spoken Romance or Neo-Latin languages are:
There are a number of other Romance languages with smaller native-speaking populations throughout Europe.
At its height in the 2nd century, the Roman Empire stretched across most of Western Europe, the Balkans, and northern Africa. In some of these places, the Romans ruled for hundreds of years. Vulgar Latin was the common spoken language of the conquered Roman territories. As the Roman Empire declined and broke apart, the areas that spoke Vulgar Latin became increasingly isolated. From there, each language developed distinctly into the top five modern Romance languages we know today.
How similar and different are these languages? It depends. Because of their Latin origin, Romance languages share very similar root words and grammar. Here is an example of just how similar they can be:
| meaning | Latin | Spanish | Italian | French | Portuguese | Romanian |
| To sing | cantāre | cantar | cantare | chanter | cantar | a cânta |
Some Romance languages are considered mutually intelligible. For example, a Spanish speaker might understand quite a lot of Italian without studying it. A Portuguese speaker might also understand a Spanish speaker relatively easily. Here is an example of a simple sentence:
| English meaning | Marcus gives the book to his father. |
| Vulgar Latin | Marcos da libru a patre. |
| Spanish | Marcos le da el libro a su padre. |
| Italian | Marcus dà il libro a suo padre. |
| French | Marcus donne le livre à son père. |
| Portuguese | Marcus dá o livro para seu pai. |
| Romanian | Marcus îi dă cartea tatălui său. |
Remarkably, Romanian (spoken in Romania and Moldova) has many similarities despite being surrounded by Greek and Slavic languages for over a thousand years. Speakers of other Romance languages won’t understand everything but will hear familiar words. Check out this video of French, Spanish, and Romanian speakers playing a language guessing game together.
No, I’m afraid not. English is not a Romance language. English belongs to the Germanic language family along with cousins such as German, Danish and Swedish, among others.
It’s true that English has borrowed a lot of vocabulary words from Latin: decimal, altitude, antique, maritime, obscure, etc. It was the Normans (of modern-day France) who brought Latin-based language to England when they invaded in 1066. The Latin-based vocabulary has remained since then.
In the study of linguistics, languages have groups and complex family trees. The great-great-great-grandmother of English is definitely German and not Latin.
Romance languages come from Latin and are a product of a long, complex history. Romance languages are cool, but it doesn’t mean they have to be romantic. The “romance” part comes from historical origins in Rome. Don’t let us stop you from falling in love with these amazing languages, though.
